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Solid Waste Management

EBNC takes an integrated approach on the subject of solid waste management taking into consideration the social aspect, favoured human health and envonment friendly solutions.

Introduction

EBNC see as the main objective of a cleaning system should be institutionalized in a management model that, as far as possible, be able to:

  • promote the economic sustainability of operations; 
  • preserve the environment; 
  • preserve the quality of life; 
  • contribute to the solution of social issues involved. 

In all operating segments of the system should be chosen alternatives that meet both the two fundamental conditions: 

  • the most economical; 
  • technically correct for the environment and human health. 

The management model adopted is to facilitate public participation in the matter of cleanliness of the town, so that it is aware of the various activities that comprise the system and costs required for its realization, as well as become aware of their role as a consumer and, consequently, the generator of waste. The direct consequence of this participation is reflected in the reduction of waste generation, maintenance of parks cleaned in preparation and adequate provision for the collection, and, as a final result in operations of less costly services.

Classification of solid waste by nature or origin.


EBNC will take into consideration that the following classification of waste has to be managed adequately for the impact they may cause to the environment and the population:
  • Household waste
  • Commercial waste
  • Public areas waste
  • Special household waste:
    • Construction waste
    • Batteries
    • Fluorescent lamps
    • Tires
  • Special source of waste
    •  Industrial waste
    •  Radioactive waste
    • Waste of ports, airports and rail terminals
    • Agricultural waste
    •  Residues of health services

Standard indicators

Percentage of waste composition in some countries

Component

BRAZIL

GERMANY

NETHERLANDS

USA

Organic waste

65,00

61,20

50,30

35,60

Glass

3,00

10,40

14,50

8,20

Metal

4,00

3,80

6,70

6,50

Plastic

3,00

5,80

6,00

6,50

Paper

25,00

18,80

22,50

41,00


Amount of waste per capita 

Size of the city

Urban Population

Per capita generation (kg/hab/day)

Small

Up to 30 thousand

0,50

Medium

From 30 thousand to 500 thousand

From 0,50 to 0,80

Big

From 500 thousand to 5 millions

From 0,80 to 1,00

Megalopolis

Above 5 million

Above 1,00


Conditioning of the waste according to nature and origin

Industrial waste

EBNC will adhere to best practices in this sector where the most common conditioning of industrial solid waste are as follows:

  • Metal drums of 200 liters for solid waste with corrosive characteristics; 
  • Plastic cylinders of 200 or 300 liters for solid waste with corrosive characteristics or semi-solids in general. 
  • Plastic big-bags, what are bags, made of braided polypropylene of large load capacity, always greater than 1 m3 
  • Standard plastic container, in size of 120, 240, 360, 750, 1.100 and 1.600 liters, for residues which allow package return. C
  • Cardboard boxes, medium sized, up to 50 liters, for the waste to be incinerated.

Solid waste from Health Centres


The most important procedure in handling health care waste is to separate, at origin, the infectious waste from the common one, since the former represents only 10-15% of all waste and common waste does not need greater care.

Garbage collection and transport

Because of climatic reasons, in Nigeria, the elapsed time between the generation of household waste and its final destination must not exceed one week to prevent the proliferation of flies, odor and increase in the attractiveness that the trash has on rodents, insects and other animals. 


We should consider the storage of waste in households. In the slums and poor communities, the buildings do not have capacity to store it for more than one day, the same happens in the city centers, where shops and services, besides the lack of suitable place for storage, they produce waste in considerable amounts. In both situations is appropriate to establish a home collection with daily frequency.


Proposed days of garbage collection

EBNC will endeavour to significantly reduce costs and increase fleet optimization, collection must be performed in two shifts.

Cleaning solid waste from public areas

The cleaning of public sites usually cover activities such as:

  • sweeping, weeding and scraping c
  • cleaning of drains
  • cleaning fairs
  • removal services
It includes also activities such as clearing branches and galleries, disinfestation and disinfection, pruning trees, painting curbs and cleaning of public places.

Recycling waste

Cooperative of recycling waste collectors

The existing social crisis in the country has led an increasing number of people to seek their survival through collecting garbage in the trash at home. The pickers work in the streets, dumps and landfills.


Some municipalities have also sought to give a social nature to their recycling programs, forming cooperatives of collectors who work on the separation of recyclable materials in the trash.

The main advantages of using recycling cooperatives are as follows:

  • To generation new employment and income; 
  • To reduce costs with recycling programs; T
  • To organize the work of collectors in the streets to avoid problems on garbage collection and storage of materials in public places; 
  • To reduce costs of collection, transfer and final disposal of wastes separated by scavengers, therefore, will not be collected, transported and disposed in landfills by cleaning system of the town. This economy may and should be reversed to cooperatives of pickers, not in money, but in the form of investments in infrastructure (sheds recycling carts standardized, presses, lifts burdens, uniforms), to allow the recovery of products in the market for recyclable picked.

Advantages

The recycling provides the following advantages:

  • Preservation of natural resources; 
  • Energy savings; 
  • Savings in transportation costs (by reducing material that requires the landfill); 
  • Generation of employment and income; 
  • Public awareness for environmental issues.

Composting

The organic compound produced by the composting of household waste has as main characteristics the presence of humus and mineral nutrients and their quality it’s function of greater or lesser amounts of these elements.T

The organic compound may be used in any type of culture with or without chemical fertilizers. It can be used to correct soil acidity and restore eroded areas. 


In a country like Nigeria, with a shortage of jobs, are recommended technologies with hand-intensive services such as power plants that adopt the manual separation of materials. The electromagnetic machines to separate ferrous material and other equipment needed to swift the piles and management of the composting on the plant and storage should be contemplated, even in the simplest plants.

Construction work waste.

The recycling of construction waste has the following advantages:

  • Volume reduction of extraction of raw materials;
  • Conservation of raw materials non-renewable;
  • Correction of urban environmental problems generated by the deposition ofindiscriminate construction waste in the urban area;
  • Sales of building materials with lower cost;
  • Creation of new jobs for hand labor with low skills.

Final disposition of waste 

The recommended process for proper disposal of household waste is the landfill, there are two types: landfills and sanitary landfills.

The basic difference between a sanitary landfill and a landfill is that the later dispenses care with the leachate collection and treatment, as well as drainage and burning of bio gas.

Recycling and Rewable Energies

For further information please refer to our page on renewable energies and recycling of solid waste into fuel and plastic board for building construction. Please click here


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